El Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico de enfermería: características y atributos / Respectful Care in clinical nursing care: characteristics and attributes

Objetivo principal: describir características, atributos y acciones específicas del cuidado de enfermería respetuoso del Buen Trato. Metodología: estudio de métodos mixtos basado en el análisis de contenido de Kyngäs sobre una muestra de enfermeras y estudiantes de enfermería. Se realizaron grupos focales y encuestas. Resultados principales: se identificaron cuatro dimensiones: (a) significado del Buen Trato en la atención de Enfermería, (b) conductas que reflejan una atención de enfermería que respeta el Buen Trato, (c) conductas que vulneran el Buen Trato y (d) dificultades de los estudiantes para otorgar cuidado respetuoso. Conclusión principal: El Buen Trato se basa en una relación enfermera-usuario construida sobre el respeto y reconocimiento de la dignidad de las personas. El proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje orientado al Buen Trato en enfermería requiere que integrar conocimientos teóricos, prácticos y actitudinales, que permita a los profesionales contar con las competencias necesarias para brindar cuidado respetuoso.(AU)

Objective: to describe the characteristics and attributes and the specific actions of a respectful nursing care. Methods: Method: a mixed methods study based on the content analysis by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of nurses and nursing students. The data was obtained through focus groups and surveys. Results: four dimensions are identified: (a) meaning of Respectful Care in Nursing care, (b) behaviors that reflect a Respectful nursing Care, (c) behaviors that violate Respectful Care and (d) difficulties of the students to include the Respectful Care in their practice. Conclusions: A Respectful Care is based on the nurse-patient relationship where patients are treated with respect for their dignity. The teaching/learning process with focus on Respectful Care in nursing requires to integrate theoretical, practical and attitudinal knowledge, which allows professionals to have the necessary skills to provide respectful care.(AU)

Implementación de ensayos clínicos y acceso posensayo a vacunas para la COVID-19 en Latinoamérica / Implementation of clinical trials and post-trial access to COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America

Latinoamérica fue durante noviembre de 2020 una de las regiones más afectada por la pandemia de COVID-19 en cuanto a prevalencia y muertes atribuidas al virus. Por ello, el inicio de testeo de vacunas en ciudadanos de la región fue recibido con altas expectativas sobre su efectividad. Frente a lo cual es esencial tener en cuenta ciertos principios fundamentales que deben guiar este proceso asegurando su correcta implementación. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer consideraciones sobre el proceso de implementación de ensayos clínicos y acceso posensayo a vacunas para COVID-19 en Latinoamérica. En particular los relacionados con el respeto a la dignidad de los participantes, las tensiones históricas globales y regionales en materia de economía política de ensayos clínicos, algunos aspectos de la gobernanza global y el rol de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en la pandemia, y la necesidad de asegurar el acceso posensayo a la vacuna. Se concluye que la pandemia es una oportunidad para estrechar lazos de cooperación y solidaridad entre países latinoamericanos. Los ensayos clínicos son una instancia clave para reforzar la gobernanza local y regional con miras a fortalecer la transparencia y la vigilancia de la correcta realización de alianzas público-privadas en el desarrollo de terapias, en los que la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, tienen un rol importante para la implementación de estrategias de integración y acceso a vacunas(AU)

Latin America was during November 2020 one of the most affected regions by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of prevalence and deaths attributed to the virus. Therefore, the start of vaccine testing in citizens of the region was received with high expectations about its effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to take into account certain fundamental principles that should guide this process ensuring its correct implementation. The objective of this article is to provide considerations on the process of implementing clinical trials and post-trial access to COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America, in particular those related to respect for the dignity of participants, the historical global and regional tensions regarding the political economy of clinical trials, some aspects of global governance and the role of the World Health Organization in the pandemic, and the need to ensure post-trial access to the vaccine. It is concluded that the pandemic is an opportunity to strengthen bonds of cooperation and solidarity between Latin American countries. Clinical trials are a key instance to strengthen local and regional governance with a view to consolidate transparency and monitoring of the correct implementation of public-private partnerships in the development of therapies, in which the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization have an important role for the implementation of integration strategies and access to vaccines(AU)

Buen trato en Centros de Atención Primaria chilena, ¿privilegio o derecho humano? / Kind treatment at Chilean primary health care centers: a privilege or a human right?

Introducción: El derecho a la salud garantiza el acceso a todos los individuos a iguales oportunidades para alcanzar el grado máximo de salud. Objetivo: Describir la vinculación entre derechos humanos irrenunciables y la atención centrada en la persona según usuarios de centros de salud de Atención Primaria y expertos en Atención Primaria de Salud de Chile. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y prospectivo, desarrollado entre enero y diciembre de 2015, considera análisis de contenido de Krippendorff de 5 grupos focales con 41 usuarios y Delphi electrónico de 3 rondas con 29 expertos chilenos. Criterio de finalización saturación de la información y el Coeficiente de Concordancia. Resultados: Según los usuarios, la percepción de buen trato en la atención de salud implica que esta sea coherente, integrada y que no fragmente los requerimientos de los usuarios, lo que se vincula directamente con el respeto al derecho a la salud. Esto es consistente con lo planteado por los expertos, pero es discordante respecto a la experiencia vivida por los usuarios en los centros de la Atención Primaria de Salud, lo que es parte de prácticas vinculadas a la violencia institucional. Conclusiones: El respeto de los derechos humanos en salud debe posicionarse como un tema de primer orden en la agenda pública de salud, ya que el trato digno es un derecho propio de todas las personas(AU)

Introduction: The right to health care ensures access of all individuals to equal opportunities to achieve an optimal health status. Objective: Describe the relationship between inalienable human rights and patient-centered care according to users of primary health care centers and experts in primary health care in Chile. Methods: A qualitative prospective descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2015 to analyze Krippendorff's alpha content in five focal groups of 41 users and three-round e-Delphi with 29 Chilean experts, as well as the data saturation end criterion and the agreement coefficient. Results: According to users, perception of kind treatment in health care implies that it be consistent and integrated and does not breach users' needs, all of which is directly related to respect for the right to health. This is consistent with the opinions contributed by experts, but not with the experiences undergone by users at primary health care centers, which are examples of practices related to institutional violence. Conclusions: Respect for health human rights should have a first-priority position in the health public agenda, since dignified treatment is a right to be enjoyed by the entire population(AU)

Effective interventions to improve the health literacy of cancer patients.

Health literacy (HL) refers to the cognitive and social abilities that are determinants in the motivation and capacity of the individual to access, understand and use information for the care of one's own health. In oncology, increased survival, navigation of the healthcare system, the many different forms of treatment and the management of adverse effects/outcomes make HL a critical factor in patient care. The objective of this study is to identify the structure, content and effectiveness of interventions to improve HL in cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed using the '(health literacy OR Cancer Literacy) AND Cancer AND Intervention' strategy on seven multidisciplinary databases. Studies that intervened in subjects diagnosed with cancer and treating HL explicitly as a variable to be measured were included. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and thirty-six abstracts were retrieved. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Research focused on patients diagnosed with breast cancer or prostate cancer. Interventions used multimedia resources and face-to-face interactions. No study defined HL. HL was usually a secondary outcome. There is high variability in the design of studies and interventions and in the instruments used to measure HL. The effectiveness of the interventions varied between studies, with improvements that were diminished over time or insufficient in participants with initial low literacy. CONCLUSION: The evidence to date in interventions oriented to study HL in patients with cancer is focused on other constructs, leaving HL as a phenomenon difficult to define both conceptually and clinically. Variability in designs and measurements makes comparison between interventions difficult. Defining and operationalizing HL is critical to design and measure effective interventions, which must be adapted to patients' needs.

Características y atributos de la atención centrada en el usuario: perspectiva de usuarios y profesionales / Characteristics and attributes of user-centred care: perspective of the users and professionals

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Glosario para universidades promotoras de la salud / Glossary for health promoting universities

La promoción de la salud en el contexto universitario surge como una iniciativa relevante para facilitar el desarrollo de conductas y estilos de de vida saludable en el entorno donde estudiantes, académicos y personal universitario desarrollan parte importante de sus vidas. El movimiento de Universidades Promotoras de Salud (UPS) cuenta con más de 20 años de experiencia, sin embargo aún carece de un lenguaje común que permita una comunicación efectiva entre quienes lo planifican e implementan. El propósito de este artículo es desarrollar conceptos esenciales en el movimiento internacional de UPS. Este documento está organizado considerando cinco aspectos que facilitan la comprensión del mismo: [1] La Universidad y la promoción de la salud, [2] La Universidad y su responsabilidad social, [3] La Universidad, la desigualdad y la equidad, [4] La Universidad y la evidencia en promoción de la salud, y [5] Estrategias para desarrollar una UPS. Se espera que este glosario para UPS favorezca el desarrollo de un lenguaje común entre quienes lo promueven y al mismo tiempo sirva de guía para la práctica.

The health promotion in the university context emerges as an important initiative to facilitate the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors in this environment where students, faculty and university staff spend and share a significant part of their lives. The movement of Health Promoting Universities (HPU) has over 20 years of experience, but still lacks a common language that allows effective communication between those who are interested in its planning and implementation. The purpose of this paper is to develop the most relevant concepts in the context of the international movement of UPS. This document is organized into five anchor dimensions: [1]The university and health promotion, [2] The University and its social responsibility, [3] The University, inequality and inequity, [4] The University and evidence in health promotion, and [5] Strategies to develop a HPU. It is hoped that this glossary for HPU encourages the development of a common language between those who promote this initiative and come from different disciplines, and at the same time serve as a guide for practice.

[A glossary for health care promoting universities (an HPU glossary)]. / Glosario para universidades promotoras de la salud.

The health promotion in the university context emerges as an important initiative to facilitate the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors in this environment where students, faculty and university staff spend and share a significant part of their lives. The movement of Health Promoting Universities (HPU) has over 20 years of experience, but still lacks a common language that allows effective communication between those who are interested in its planning and implementation. The purpose of this paper is to develop the most relevant concepts in the context of the international movement of UPS. This document is organized into five anchor dimensions: [1]The university and health promotion, [2] The University and its social responsibility, [3] The University, inequality and inequity, [4] The University and evidence in health promotion, and [5] Strategies to develop a HPU. It is hoped that this glossary for HPU encourages the development of a common language between those who promote this initiative and come from different disciplines, and at the same time serve as a guide for practice.